{"id":806,"date":"2021-03-09T19:51:00","date_gmt":"2021-03-09T19:51:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.uantwerpen.one\/blog-usos\/?p=806"},"modified":"2021-05-28T14:36:26","modified_gmt":"2021-05-28T14:36:26","slug":"how-to-effectively-manage-the-impact-of-infrastructure-projects-on-the-environment","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/blog.uantwerpen.be\/global-pen-friends\/how-to-effectively-manage-the-impact-of-infrastructure-projects-on-the-environment\/","title":{"rendered":"How to effectively manage the impact of infrastructure projects on the environment"},"content":{"rendered":"\n
\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Correspondence between Neelam Singh <\/strong>(student at National Law University – Delhi) and Andema Muniali Armand <\/strong>(chercheur, Sciences de l’Environnement \u00e0 l\u2019Universit\u00e9 Catholique de Bukavu)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dear Andema,<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

You might have heard that a glacial lake recently burst in the State of\nUttarakhand, one of the states in the Himalayan region. When I proposed this\ntopic, I had come across a news article<\/strong><\/a> according\nto which the Archaeological Survey of India had, for the first time, approved an\nexpedition to study the Ram Setu or Adam\u2019s bridge. This made me curious about\nthe possibility of ecological damage whenever humans come into contact with nature\nthat is still untouched or has not witnessed human interference before. In India,\nwe have many laws to address issues concerning the environment. However, this\nlegislation does not appear to be working as well as many of us would like.\nThere is always scope for improvement, as is also the case here!<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In the Himalayan region, there are many towns that have been built on rivers,\nand these are all old towns which were settled when the population was much smaller.\nMany houses, hotels or other buildings are situated very close to the river. It\nseems that they are even hanging over the river. Almost every year, we witness\nheavy rainfall in Northern India and these rivers become wild, overflowing and\nwreaking havoc on whatever comes to be in their way. We had a flood in 2013. We\nhad another flood-like situation in some parts of a river parallel to that one,\nin the same region that witnessed the floods in 2013. Although, this time, there\nwas no damage caused to residential areas, but it did damage ongoing dam\nconstruction projects and took the lives of many. The 2013 flood swept away\nbuildings (many of them were houses), agricultural land alongside the river and\nwhatever else was in its way. The \u2018melting Himalayan glaciers-Glacial Lake Outburst Floods\n(GLOFS)<\/strong><\/a>\u2019 is a silent time bomb and\nwe don\u2019t even know how much time is left on the timer. It is only natural that\nwhen these glaciers melt and these glacial lakes burst that damage will be\ncaused to everyone and everything that lies along the course of the rivers,\nequally in the plains and the hilly terrain.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In light of the natural landscape of Northern India, no infrastructure\nshould be allowed to be constructed right next to the river. But it is not\nuncommon to see a hotel next to the river, boasting a riverside view as its\nselling point. Places like these are one of the first to be affected by floods.\nEvery time the rivers swell, damage is most certainly caused to life and\nproperty. In addition to the swelling of rivers, the silt from these rivers is\nin high demand. This river silt is very frequently transferred from its\nrightful place in and around the river. This negatively affects the course of\nthe river and ultimately nearby homes.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

We need to give nature breathing space; for example, instead of\nventuring into natural habitats which should be left for other living organisms\nto thrive, we should find ways to improve our technology so that we all can\nmanage with those portions of the planet we have reserved for ourselves,\nexcluding the wild animals and plants from all the urban and rural areas.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

It is now, more than ever, important to invest in technologies that are\npro-nature and reduce our carbon footprint, in addition to ensuring that the\ninfrastructure built is safe for everyone, including nature. Sustainability is\nthe key. The SDGs (Sustainable Development Goals) are certainly helpful in this\nmatter. If we all managed to attain the SDGs, we could ask for nothing better.\nIn addition, Environment Impact Assessment (EIA) should be a prerequisite for\nany infrastructure project anywhere in the world, and it should not just be for\nthe sake of conducting EIA, but to ensure that no project is undertaken if the\nresult of the assessment is negative. There is no doubt that infrastructure development\nis needed everywhere, but we must not forget that we need to cater to the needs\nof nature as well, for it is only nature that nurtures us.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

I would like to know what you think about possible ways to better\naddress the issue based on your study of ecology and management of aquatic\necosystems.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Looking forward to your response.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Regards,<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Neelam Singh
18-FEB-2021, Delhi<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ch\u00e8re Neelam<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

J\u2019ai lu avec beaucoup d\u2019attention votre essai. Je vous assure que j\u2019ai\ntrouv\u00e9 votre analyse suffisamment objective dans la mesure o\u00f9, tout d\u2019abord,\nvous avez abord\u00e9 une question d\u2019actualit\u00e9 en ma\u00eetrisant son milieu. J\u2019ai\nappr\u00e9ci\u00e9 le fait que vous ayez annonc\u00e9 un risque imminent et n\u00e9glig\u00e9 alors que\ndes catastrophes se sont manifest\u00e9es en 2013 dans la m\u00eame r\u00e9gion. En outre,\nvous ne vous \u00eates pas limit\u00e9e \u00e0 annoncer le danger mais vous avez pris soins de\nproposer une solution pour pr\u00e9venir le pire et alerter la communaut\u00e9.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Je me permets de souligner que, m\u00eame si je me suis document\u00e9 sur le\nmilieu et le danger qui guette la population, il se trouve que je peux aborder\nla question avec certaines r\u00e9serves que je vous prie d\u2019admettre. Dans les\nlignes qui suivent, nous pr\u00e9senterons en r\u00e9sum\u00e9 les \u00e9l\u00e9ments n\u00e9cessaires pour\naborder la question de la fonte des glaciers de l\u2019Himalaya et de l\u2019inondation\ndes lacs glaciaires constituant une bombe \u00e0 retardement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Avec la succession des dommages enregistr\u00e9s dans la r\u00e9gion, dans les dix\nderni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es, la population devrait d\u00e9j\u00e0 \u00e9viter d\u2019habiter les zones \u00e0\nrisques, mais aussi les \u00c9tats devraient d\u00e9j\u00e0 s\u2019impliquer de mani\u00e8re urgente dans\nla prise en compte d\u2019un danger imminent : l\u2019inondation. Malheureusement,\nil se trouve qu\u2019il y a un probl\u00e8me d\u2019information dans la communaut\u00e9. Pour\nd\u00e9courager les habitants de construire ou de loger dans des zones \u00e0 risque\nmajeur, il est recommand\u00e9 de proposer une formation \u00e0 l\u2019environnement en vue\nd\u2019instruire la communaut\u00e9 sur les dommages qui attendent ceux qui sont expos\u00e9s\n\u00e0 la bombe \u00e0 retardement dont il est question.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Comme de nombreuses infrastructures ont \u00e9t\u00e9 install\u00e9es dans la r\u00e9gion, l\u2019id\u00e9al\nserait de d\u00e9placer toute la population expos\u00e9e, malheureusement cela doit\nimpliquer des budgets colossaux. N\u00e9anmoins, certaines mesures peuvent \u00eatre\nmises en \u0153uvre pour pr\u00e9parer la population \u00e0 une \u00e9ventuelle inondation. Tout\nd\u2019abord, la sensibilisation aux mesures n\u00e9cessaires pour pr\u00e9venir ou r\u00e9duire\nles impacts n\u00e9gatifs de ce probl\u00e8me.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pour une bonne gestion des \u00e9cosyst\u00e8mes aquatiques de cette r\u00e9gion, un\nsyst\u00e8me de gestion des risques et des catastrophes doit \u00eatre mis en place s\u2019il\nn\u2019existe pas encore, ou doit \u00eatre renforc\u00e9 s\u2019il existe d\u00e9j\u00e0. En outre, la\nl\u00e9gislation en mati\u00e8re d\u2019\u00e9cosyst\u00e8mes aquatiques se doit d\u2019\u00eatre revue et\nenrichie et elle doit prendre en consid\u00e9ration la question des constructions en\nbord de rivi\u00e8res.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les \u00e9tudes scientifiques approfondies deviennent alors n\u00e9cessaires pour\nproduire des connaissances scientifiques sur ces \u00e9cosyst\u00e8mes et faciliter les\nprises de d\u00e9cisions pour une bonne gestion et la protection de ces \u00e9cosyst\u00e8mes.\nBien que, dans plusieurs pays, la l\u00e9gislation autorise les constructions de 10\n\u00e0 100m des rives,  ces \u00e9tudes doivent clarifier cette distance minimum qui\n\u00e9vitera des dommages en cas d\u2019inondation mais qui diminuera aussi les impacts\nn\u00e9gatifs des activit\u00e9s anthropiques sur la faune, la flore, et le biotope des\n\u00e9cosyst\u00e8mes de la r\u00e9gion.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Une des \u00e9tudes importantes \u00e0 entreprendre pour comprendre le ph\u00e9nom\u00e8ne\net faire de bonnes pr\u00e9visions est d\u2019\u00e9tablir le r\u00e9gime d\u2019\u00e9coulement\n(limnigramme, hydrogramme et d\u00e9bit liquide) des eaux de la rivi\u00e8re en question\net des autres rivi\u00e8res de la r\u00e9gion. Une surveillance ayant recours \u00e0 la\nt\u00e9l\u00e9d\u00e9tection est appropri\u00e9e pour plus d\u2019efficacit\u00e9 et pour conna\u00eetre en temps\nr\u00e9el le niveau des eaux des lacs glaciaires et des rivi\u00e8res de la r\u00e9gion, tout\ncela afin d\u2019\u00eatre en mesure de faire des pr\u00e9visions journali\u00e8res voire\nhebdomadaires.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nous appuyons fortement la proposition selon laquelle aucune construction\nd\u2019infrastructure ne devrait \u00eatre autoris\u00e9e \u00e0 moins de 10m de la rivi\u00e8re parce\nque des endroits comme ceux-ci sont parmi les premiers \u00e0 \u00eatre touch\u00e9s par les\ninondations. A chaque fois que les rivi\u00e8res gonflent, des dommages sont\ncertainement caus\u00e9s aux hommes et \u00e0 leurs biens. N\u00e9anmoins, pour une exploitation\ndurable des ces rives, les initiatives de reboisement de ces zones, l\u2019\u00e9rection\nde jardins floraux, etc. doivent \u00eatre encourag\u00e9es.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cordialement,<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Andema Muniali Armand
4-MARS-2021, Bukavu<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dear Andema, <\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Thank you very much for your email. It was certainly very enriching. I\nreally appreciate the solutions that you offered for combating the dangers\nposed by swelling rivers. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

As you mentioned in your previous correspondence, there is a need for\npeople to migrate from such high-risk areas. And no doubt, this has its own\nbudgetary constraints, and I am not sure how feasible it would be for the\ngovernment or the people.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, distancing the human population and construction from river\nbanks by about 10 m to 100 m, or whatever minimum distance there should be between\nriver banks and human establishments, is certainly feasible. You rightly mentioned\nthat there is a need to conduct further research to ascertain the minimum\ndistance between humans and related infrastructure and the flora, fauna and\nbiotope. Without the latter, we would lack a great deal.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

I appreciate that you brought up the importance of, and requirement to safeguard\nfauna, flora and the biotope, in addition to safeguarding human life and\nproperty. Many times, we humans forget to take into consideration flora, fauna\nand the biotope when offering solutions to the environmental problems we have caused,\nraising concerns for us.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

I agree and appreciate your suggestion with respect to the sustainable\nexploitation of river banks, and that reforestation and flower gardens should\nbe encouraged. I believe that reforestation and flower gardens can be extended\nto other areas as well.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Remote sensing of water levels in glacial lakes and rivers in the region\nis certainly a technologically savvy solution and needed now. These and other\ntools can certainly help us in understanding the level of risk and in ascertaining\nthe time available to us to take mitigating measures.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But all of these solutions will not work if we do not implement relevant\nmeasures in each and every direction. The application of technological tools\nwould not in itself ensure that people, property, flora and fauna will be\nprotected. We need to take firm steps and consider everything together.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Regards,<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Neelam Singh
9-MARS-2021, Delhi<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Correspondence between Neelam Singh (student at National Law University – Delhi) and Andema Muniali Armand (chercheur, Sciences de … <\/p>\n

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