{"id":683,"date":"2021-03-05T10:00:00","date_gmt":"2021-03-05T10:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.uantwerpen.one\/armoede\/?p=683"},"modified":"2022-06-22T13:26:10","modified_gmt":"2022-06-22T13:26:10","slug":"has-the-pandemic-set-back-the-movement-for-reducing-inequality","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/blog.uantwerpen.be\/global-pen-friends\/has-the-pandemic-set-back-the-movement-for-reducing-inequality\/","title":{"rendered":"Has the pandemic set back the movement to reduce inequality?"},"content":{"rendered":"\n
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\"\" <\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Correspondence between Ishaany <\/strong>(student at National Law University – Delhi) and Fatima Zahra<\/strong> (\u00e9tudiante \u00e0 l’Universit\u00e9 Mohammed Premier – Oujda) <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dear Fatima, <\/h2>\n\n\n\n

How are you? I hope you and your family are doing well. From our last conversations together, I hope that your studies are going well too. Social Management and Mediation seems to be one of the most unique fields of study that I have encountered, and I must confess that I am quite jealous that you have been able to attend offline classes. Unfortunately, I have not been able to even visit my campus, as the situation in India with regard to the pandemic is far too unsafe for offline classes to even be an option.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The entire year of 2020 was consumed by the pandemic and it seems that the first few months of 2021 will also be swallowed up by the effects. In India, the safety precautions are still in force. Things have been slowly and steadily returning to \u2018normal\u2019, and I believe that after all the vaccination drives are over, we will truly be back on track to returning to pre-pandemic life and I might be able to attend offline classes as well. However, I still believe that things will never truly be the same. We will continue to feel the effects of this pandemic for years to come, but the ones who are, and will continue to be, hit the hardest by the current circumstances are the already vulnerable of society: those dependent on the informal sector, women, people with disabilities and other minority communities.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The COVID-19 pandemic has brought about another pandemic to plague us, one that is sociological in nature: the \u2018pandemic of inequality\u2019. It is no secret that the pandemic has led to losses of enormous magnitude all around the world, triggering a recession almost equal in severity to that of the post-Second World War. Society has been hit so badly that all the pre-existing inequalities have been exacerbated to astronomical levels. Years of developmental change has been undone in a matter of months. Income inequality is on the rise.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

According to a report by Oxfam<\/a>, titled \u2018The Inequality Virus\u2019, the 1.000 richest people in the world regained the losses that were caused by the pandemic within a period of just nine months. The ten richest men have seen their wealth rise by half a trillion. But the poor will continue to suffer for a decade more, if governments across the world do not take action. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

According to the International Labour Organization (ILO)<\/a>, estimates show that 1.6 billion informal sector workers, that is, half of the world\u2019s workforce, are at risk of losing their jobs. In India alone, it was predicted by the ILO<\/a> that because such a large number of workers dependent on the informal sector, approximately 400 million people are at risk of losing their jobs. According to the World Bank<\/a>, COVID-19 could lead to 150 million more people becoming extremely poor by 2021, with more than 80% of these new poor being in middle-income countries. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

In India, there is a large number of internal migrant workers. Most migrants are informal-sector workers from rural areas of the country, who come to the metropolitan cities in search of work. Because of the pandemic, a lot of these workers have lost their jobs and have had to return to their villages. Some even started the journey of thousands of kilometres on foot. Almost 200 workers died during the journey back to their homes. While I did not personally feel the brunt of this migrant crisis, I do know people who did. Close friends and family lost their jobs, sacked without even severance pay. Those who were skilled workers involved in the informal sector had to resort to unskilled work to make ends meet.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Women have also suffered a lot in the pandemic. Comprising a major chunk\nof the healthcare workforce, they are especially vulnerable. They also face\nincreased fear of domestic violence from partners due to quarantining at home,\nand their unpaid labour at home will increase.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Goal 10 of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) of the United Nations, \u2018Reduced Inequalities\u2019, aims at ending poverty by 2030 and reducing inequalities in the economic, social and political spheres of life. But due to the pandemic, and other factors such as climate change and social conflict, the poverty rate could be as high as 7% in 2030 if steps are not taken. Countries across the world have skimped on their commitment to the achievement of the SDGs, and this rising inequality will continue if adequate steps are not taken.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nonetheless, despite all the havoc that has been wreaked on the Earth, there is a silver lining. As Ant\u00f3nio Guterres said<\/a>, the pandemic has exposed the myth that \u2018we are all in the same boat’. It has shown that the rich have profited or remained virtually untouched during these times, while the vulnerable sections of society have sunk to newer levels of economic instability. It has shown how we need to demand accountability not only from our peers but also from our governments. It is not as if most of these inequalities were caused by the pandemic, but rather, it is the pandemic that has brought these issues to light. The pandemic gives us a new starting point to change the status quo \u2013 now the fragility of our world, the hidden structural inequalities, the inadequacies in our healthcare systems and the lack of protection provided to those who are disadvantaged have been revealed, we can start taking steps to combat these risks that have previously gone unnoticed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

What do you\nthink? I eagerly hope for a reply soon, and I hope that you and your family\nstay safe. Take\ncare!<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Your friend,<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ishaany<\/p>\n\n\n\n

21-FEB-2021, Delhi<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ch\u00e8re Ishaany, <\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Merci de ta derni\u00e8re lettre, je suis tr\u00e8s heureuse de l\u2019avoir re\u00e7ue et\nje te r\u00e9ponds le plus vite possible!<\/p>\n\n\n\n

J\u2019esp\u00e8re que tu vas bien ainsi que ta famille. Apr\u00e8s notre derni\u00e8re discussion, j\u2019esp\u00e8re que tes \u00e9tudes se passent bien en ce moment, je sais tr\u00e8s bien que les \u00e9tudes de droit pr\u00e9sentent plusieurs difficult\u00e9s mais aussi beaucoup d\u2019avantages. Tu as de la chance de suivre ce parcours: au cours de cette pand\u00e9mie ta s\u00e9curit\u00e9 et ta sant\u00e9 sont plus importante que les cours en pr\u00e9sentiel!<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le monde fait aujourd\u2019hui face \u00e0 une pand\u00e9mie historique dont les\nchiffres de mortalit\u00e9 \u00e9voluent chaque jour. Au 24 F\u00e9vrier 2021, on enregistrait plus de cent millions de personnes contamin\u00e9es et\nplus de deux millions de d\u00e9c\u00e8s !<\/strong><\/a> <\/strong>Si cette maladie\ntouche sans distinction toute les classes sociales nous ne sommes malheureusement\npas tous \u00e9gaux face au virus et \u00e0 son impact.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La crise du Covid-19 vient ajouter un m\u00e9canisme suppl\u00e9mentaire et\nnouveau de par sa nature et son ampleur dans l\u2019histoire des \u00e9pid\u00e9mies :\nles in\u00e9galit\u00e9s face au confinement. Des travaux ant\u00e9rieurs sur de pr\u00e9c\u00e9dentes\npand\u00e9mies comme la grippe espagnole ou la grippe H1N1, ou d\u2019autres maladies\ninfectieuses comme la tuberculose ou la rougeole, insistaient d\u00e9j\u00e0 sur\nl\u2019importance de la prise en compte des diff\u00e9rents facteurs d\u2019in\u00e9galit\u00e9s\nsociales afin de mieux ma\u00eetriser l\u2019impact diff\u00e9rentiel des prochaines\npand\u00e9mies.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les premi\u00e8res personnes touch\u00e9es par le COVID-19 sont les populations\nles plus fragiles, habitant en zone p\u00e9riurbaine et sans possibilit\u00e9 de\nt\u00e9l\u00e9travail. C\u2019est ce que r\u00e9v\u00e8le une r\u00e9cente \u00e9tude de la Direction de la recherche,\ndes \u00e9tudes, de l\u2019\u00e9valuation et des statistiques<\/strong><\/a> sur les\nin\u00e9galit\u00e9s sociales face \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9pid\u00e9mie.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La pand\u00e9mie de COVID-19 s\u2019est abattue sur un monde tr\u00e8s mal pr\u00e9par\u00e9, car\nles pays s\u2019\u00e9taient montr\u00e9s jusqu\u2019alors incapables de d\u00e9ployer des politiques de\nlutte contre les in\u00e9galit\u00e9s. Parmi les pays \u00e9valu\u00e9s au regard de l\u2019indice ERI\n2020 (Engagement \u00e0 R\u00e9duire les In\u00e9galit\u00e9s), un sur six seulement consacrait un budget suffisant \u00e0\nla sant\u00e9, seulement un tiers des travailleurs et travailleuses dans le monde\nb\u00e9n\u00e9ficiaient d\u2019une protection sociale appropri\u00e9e et au moins un tiers d\u2019entre\neux dans plus de 100 pays ne disposaient d\u2019aucune protection du travail comme\nles cong\u00e9s maladie<\/strong><\/a>. De nombreuses personnes se\nretrouvent ainsi expos\u00e9es \u00e0 la mort et au d\u00e9nuement, et les in\u00e9galit\u00e9s\naugmentent de mani\u00e8re consid\u00e9rable. Certains \u00c9tats, comme la Cor\u00e9e du Sud,\nmontrent la voie en associant bataille contre la COVID-19 et lutte contre les\nin\u00e9galit\u00e9s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Au Maroc, le ch\u00f4mage devrait logiquement grimper. Il devrait d\u00e9passer\n13% d\u2019ici la fin de l\u2019ann\u00e9e selon le d\u00e9partement de l\u2019Economie et des finances.\nL\u2019\u00e9conomie marocaine a perdu pr\u00e8s de 600.000 emplois durant le deuxi\u00e8me\ntrimestre de l\u2019ann\u00e9e 2020. De la m\u00eame mani\u00e8re, le nombre de faillites\nd\u2019entreprises devrait se situer aux alentours de 9 770 en 2020 \u2013 soit une\nhausse de 16% par rapport \u00e0 l\u2019ann\u00e9e pr\u00e9c\u00e9dente \u2013 mais la situation n\u2019atteindra\nl\u2019apog\u00e9e de sa gravit\u00e9 qu\u2019au premier trimestre de 2021, avec une hausse de 25%\ndes faillites d\u2019entreprises, selon une \u00e9tude d\u2019impact men\u00e9e par Inforisk et la Banque\nMondiale<\/strong><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La pand\u00e9mie de coronavirus pourrait aggraver les in\u00e9galit\u00e9s dans la\nquasi-totalit\u00e9 des pays de la plan\u00e8te simultan\u00e9ment, une premi\u00e8re depuis que ce\ntype de donn\u00e9es est consign\u00e9. Le virus a mis au jour et amplifi\u00e9 les in\u00e9galit\u00e9s\nde richesse, les in\u00e9galit\u00e9s de genre et les in\u00e9galit\u00e9s raciales existantes,\ntout en s\u2019en nourrissant. Plus de deux millions de personnes ont perdu la vie,\net des centaines de millions de personnes basculent dans la pauvret\u00e9 alors que\nbon nombre d\u2019entreprises et de particuliers les plus riches prosp\u00e8rent. Les\nmilliardaires ont retrouv\u00e9 le niveau de richesse qui \u00e9tait le leur avant la\npand\u00e9mie en seulement neuf mois, alors qu\u2019il faudra plus de dix ans aux\npersonnes les plus pauvres pour se relever des impacts \u00e9conomiques du\ncoronavirus. La crise a mis au jour notre fragilit\u00e9 collective, ainsi que\nl\u2019incapacit\u00e9 de notre \u00e9conomie profond\u00e9ment in\u00e9gale \u00e0 \u0153uvrer dans l\u2019int\u00e9r\u00eat de\ntoutes et de tous. Elle nous a \u00e9galement d\u00e9montr\u00e9 l\u2019importance cruciale de\nl\u2019intervention des gouvernements dans la protection de notre sant\u00e9 et de nos\nmoyens de subsistance. Des politiques transformatrices qui semblaient\ninenvisageables avant la crise se sont soudainement r\u00e9v\u00e9l\u00e9es possibles. Le\nretour au monde d\u2019avant n\u2019est pas une option. Au lieu de cela, les citoyen-ne-s\net les gouvernements doivent se mobiliser autour de l\u2019urgence \u00e0 cr\u00e9er un monde\nplus \u00e9galitaire et plus durable.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Qu\u2019est-ce que vous en pensez ? Prenez soin de vous et de vos\nproches.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ta ch\u00e8re amie,<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fatima Zahra<\/p>\n\n\n\n

25-FEB-2021 \u2013 Oujda<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dear\nFatima,<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

I was so glad to receive your letter! It is the first time I have engaged\nin a pen-pal system, so it was exciting to read your thoughts. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

I was saddened to hear that Morocco is suffering too. It is the lower\nincome and middle-income countries that have been hardest hit by the pandemic\nand who will find it harder to recuperate. Developing countries did not have\nthe means to offer adequate medical care and education to their citizens before\nCOVID-19 and now this problem has been exacerbated. Due to rising rates of\nunemployment, in both India and Morocco, many people cannot afford either\nmedical care or education; the two things that are vital in getting through the\npandemic. There are not enough hospital beds or medical care professionals in\nthese countries, nor does everyone have access to the internet to pursue\neducation. The governments must take measures to generate employment, as well\nas make their inefficient healthcare and social welfare systems more robust,\nand these measures cannot be short term. There must be a complete overhaul of\nthe system, and although it seems hard, I do not think it is impossible. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

I completely agree with your thoughts about how we cannot return to the\npre-pandemic world; the pandemic has provided us with an opportunity to change\nour world and the structural fallacies in it. I believe that we as human beings\nshould give a hand to those in need. The countries with more than adequate\nresources for themselves, as well as international organizations, should extend\nfinancial aid to those who do not. Countries themselves should aim to tackle\nthe problems of inadequate medical care and the effects of the pandemic on the\neconomically disadvantaged. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

The cure for inequality lies not just in financial aid, but in levelling\nthe playing field and ensuring that everyone has access to resources to satisfy\ntheir basic needs. There must be more investment in the education sector to\nincrease access. The digital divide, another form of inequality, must be\nreduced by increasing digital literacy, which in turn will result in increased\nsharing of data, information and opportunities. Finally, there must be a focus\non achieving proper social protection of workers, a system which promotes their\nsocial mobility and not just merely protects their existing jobs. Governments must\nformulate and implement labour laws to achieve this.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

What do you think? I look forward to your reply. Take care!<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Your friend, <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ishaany<\/p>\n\n\n\n

2-MARCH-2021, Delhi<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ch\u00e8re Ishaany<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

\u00c7a me fait plaisir de m\u2019engager avec toi dans ce projet de Pen-pal, et\nde recevoir ta lettre!<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Je suis tr\u00e8s \u00e9mue de ce que j\u2019ai lu dans ta lettre et aussi dans les\nm\u00e9dias. Ce que nous sommes en train de vivre est une trag\u00e9die.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La pand\u00e9mie a d\u00e9form\u00e9 les notions d\u2019identit\u00e9 nationale, de v\u00e9rit\u00e9 et de\ntemps, mais elle a aussi introduit un sentiment partag\u00e9 de vuln\u00e9rabilit\u00e9. Les\ngens sont isol\u00e9s les uns des autres derri\u00e8re leurs masques, dans leurs\nchambres, dans leurs logements surpeupl\u00e9s ou vides, dans la section \u2018Reprendre\nla lecture\u2019 de leurs comptes Netflix, dans leurs lits d\u2019h\u00f4pital et dans leurs\nfen\u00eatres de chat vid\u00e9o. Le monde entier semble \u00eatre isol\u00e9 ensemble, coup\u00e9 des\nconceptions pr\u00e9-Covid concernant ce \u00e0 quoi la vie devrait ressembler.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00c0 travers le monde, ceux qui esp\u00e9raient que 2021 permettrait de tourner\nla page sur une ann\u00e9e d\u2019horreur prennent conscience que le plus dur est\npeut-\u00eatre encore \u00e0 venir. La nouvelle ann\u00e9e est d\u00e9j\u00e0 une trag\u00e9die, on se\nr\u00e9jouissait de dire adieu \u00e0 2020. On fondait beaucoup d\u2019espoir sur l\u2019id\u00e9e que\nla nouvelle ann\u00e9e apporterait des vaccins et le retour \u00e0 un semblant de\nnormalit\u00e9. Mais le coronavirus ne respecte aucun calendrier : il a\ncontinu\u00e9 de se propager, de tuer et de semer le deuil.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Vous avez dit dans votre derni\u00e8re lettre, que beaucoup de gens n\u2019avaient\npas pu assurer les deux choses les plus importantes dans la vie : les\nsoins m\u00e9dicaux et l\u2019\u00e9ducation. Moins de la moiti\u00e9 de la population a acc\u00e8s \u00e0\nInternet dans 71 pays \u00e0 travers le monde. Malgr\u00e9 ces in\u00e9galit\u00e9s d\u2019acc\u00e8s,\n73 % des gouvernements des 127 pays pour lesquels nous disposons de\ndonn\u00e9es utilisent des plateformes en ligne pour assurer l\u2019enseignement pendant\nla fermeture des \u00e9coles. Et aussi dans le secteur de sant\u00e9, un manque de moyens\net de mat\u00e9riels, des fermetures excessives de lits, le surmenage et la faible\nr\u00e9mun\u00e9ration des soignants, en particulier des infirmier-e-s et\naides-soignants, tous d\u00e9non\u00e7aient une aust\u00e9rit\u00e9 frappant les h\u00f4pitaux au\nd\u00e9triment de la qualit\u00e9 des soins et de la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 des patients. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aujourd\u2019hui plus que jamais, l\u2019espoir repose sur des campagnes de\nvaccination qui ont d\u00e9j\u00e0 connu des rat\u00e9s et des lenteurs \u00e0 travers le monde.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Et pour terminer je vous dis mon souhait le plus cher, c\u2019est que nous\npuissions enfin retirer nos masques et mener une vie normale.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Prends soin de toi et de ta famille!<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Votre amie,<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fatima Zahra<\/p>\n\n\n\n

5-MARCH-2021 \u2013 Oujda<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Correspondence between Ishaany (student at National Law University – Delhi) and Fatima Zahra (\u00e9tudiante \u00e0 l’Universit\u00e9 Mohammed … <\/p>\n

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